Rather, the declarative 「だ」 states that the person appears to be a student. Notice that example 1 does not say that the person looks like a student. When directly modifying nouns or na-adjectives, you must use the 「の」 particle for nouns or attach 「な」 to na-adjectives. When the sentence ends in 「よう」, you must explicitly express the state-of-being by adding 「だ」, 「です」, or 「でございます」. The simplest example is by directly modifying the relative clause. This word can be used in many ways to express similarity. We can use this definition to say that something has an appearance or manner of a certain state. We’ve already briefly gone over 「よう」 and learned that 「よう」 means an appearance or manner.

Expressing similarity with よう（様） Vocabulary

This lesson is designed to study the differences between these expressions so that you can start to get a sense of which is appropriate for what you want to say. When learning these expressions for the first time, it is difficult to understand what the differences are between them because they all translate to the same thing in English. In Japanese there are many different ways to express likeness or similarity depending on appearance, behavior, or outcome.

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